;fj{hlgs gLlt
lgdf{0f / cg';Gwfg
8=lji0f' /fh
pk|]tL[i]
Kfl/roM
/fHo ;~rfngsf nflu
cfjZos kg]{ gLlt, /0fgLlt, sfg'g, lgod th'{dfsf]
r/0f ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfpF5 . cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t tYok/s ;xL
gLltx?n] dfq} zf;gsf] k|efjsfl/tf, /fHo k|lt hgljZjf;, /fHo / gful/saLrsf]
;DaGwsf] cfwf/, /fli6«o :jfy{ tyf /fli6«o ;d[l4 xfl;n ug]{ nIo, /fli6«o Pstf / cv08tf, k//fi6« ;DaGwsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f h:tf
dxTjk"0f{ kIfx¿sf] k|j4{g ub{5 . To;sf/0f /fHon] agfpg] x/]s /fli6«o ;fj{hlgs
gLltx? j}1flgs k4ltdf cfwfl/t, hgtf / /fi6«sf ck]Iff / cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug]{ u/L aGg' kb{5 . kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zdf gLlt lgdf{0f /
kl/dfh{g Ps lg/Gt/ ?kdf rln/xg] rqm xf] .
gLlt lgdf{0fsf
>f]tx?M
/fHon] agfpg] s'g}
klg /fli6«o ;fj{hlgs gLltsf k|d'v >f]tx?df clwsf+ztM 3/]n' / s]xL afXo kIf
klg ;dfj]z ePsf x'G5g\ . h:t}M hgtfsf] cfjZostf, /fhgLlts kf6L{sf 3f]if0ffkqx?,
;+ljwfgn] lglb{i6 u/]sf nIo jf k|jwfgx?, ;Qf ;~rfng ul//x]sf] /fhgLlts bnsf] k|fyldstfx?, /fi6« k|d'v, tyf ;/sf/ k|d'vn] ug]{ ljz]if
;Daf]wg / k|ltj4tf, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g, ;GwL ;Demf}tf jf /fi6«n] cGt/f{li6«o hut;Fu u/]sf] k|ltj4tf, cgk]lIft
?kdf cfOkg]{ ljleGg r'gf}tLx? -dxfdf/L /f]usf] ;+qmd0f, k|fs[lts k|sf]k_,
If]qLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o /fhgLlt / cy{tGqdf cfO/xg] km]/abnn] l;h{gf u/]sf
r'gf}tLx¿, cg';Gwfgn] cf}NofPsf cfjZostfx¿ cflb . o:tf >f]taf6 pTkGg x'g] cfaZostf
;Daf]wg ug{ /fHon] cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ lgod, cfrf/k4lt jf gLltut dfu{bz{gsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf nflu gLltsf] lgdf{0f ul/G5 . o;/L gLlt agfpFbf,
olb gLlt sfo{Gjog of]Uo, k|ltkmnd"vL, ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] :jfldTj / ckgTj :yflkt
ug]{ / ljBdfg tyf ;Defljt r'gf}tLx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;fdgf ug]{ lx;fan] agfpg]
xf] eg], æ;fj{hlgs gLlt lgdf{0f rqmÆsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eP/} gLlt lgdf{0f ug'{
kg]{ x'G5 . o;sf] dtna s] xf] eg] ;fj{hlgs
gLlt lgdf{0f ubf{ cjnDag ug'{ kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f rqmsf ljleGg r/0fx? cg';/0f
ug'{ jf To;df cfwfl/t eP/ agfpg' . uxlsnf], sfof{Gjog of]Uo / kl/0ffdd'vL gLlt
lgdf{0fsf nflu lgDg rqm÷r/0fx¿ kf/ ug}{ kg]{ x'G5 . klxnf], gLltsf] cfjZostf /
o:fsf] >f]t . bf]>f], cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f / k|fyldsLs/0f . t]>f], lj1
;d"xaf6 gLltsf] d:of}bf tof/ . rf}yf], d:of}bf gLlt dfly ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx¿;Fu
j[xt / v'nf 5nkmn, jx; tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 ;'emfj ;+sng, ljZn]if0f / ;Dej /
plrt b]lvPsf ;'emfjx? gLltdf ;dfj]z u/L d:of}bf gLlt kl/dfh{g / kfrf}+, ;DalGwt
k|flwsf/jfnf lgsfox?af6 gLlt :jLs[t . 5}7f}+, gLltsf] sfof{Gjog . ;ftf}+, gLlt
sfof{Gjog k|efjsf/Ltfsf] cg'udg / cf7f}+, cg'udg l;kmfl/;sf] cfwf/df gLltsf]
lg/Gt/tf jf kl/dfh{g jf gofF gLltsf] cfjZostfsf] lgSof}{n .
o;/L j}1flgs k4ltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf gLlt
lgdf{0fsf rqm÷dfu{eGbf aflx/ uP/ ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx¿nfO{ ;lqmo ;xefuL gu/fO{,
pgLx¿;Fu cy{k"0f{ 5nkmn gu/L, jf:tljs ;d:ofsf] ;lx klxrfg gu/L, xr'jfsf]
e/df Pp6f ;fgf] ;d'xn] ;+s'lrt bfo/faf6 gLlt agfpFbf o:tf gLlt k|efjsf/L /
kl/0fdd'vL gx'g], sfof{Gjog kIf lkmtn] x'g], ljjflbt x'g], ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n]
To;sf] :jfldTj glng] / cGTodf k|efasf/L
gx'g] / lgis[o eP/ hfg] ;Ddsf] hf]lvd Hofbf /xG5 . To;sf/0f, gLlt agfpg'
k"j{ ægLlt cg';GwfgÆ k|lqmofsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] x'G5 .
lsgsL o;n] gLlt lgdf{0fsf] j}1flgs k4lt jf gLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu lgwf{/0f ul/Psf
gLlt rqm÷r/0fx¿sf] kfngf ub{5 . cyf{t\, gLlt lgdf{0f jf gLlt kl/dfh{gsf] nflu ;d:ofsf]
;lx klxrfg u5{, cfjZos tYo k|df0fx? h'6fO{ lbG5, hf]lvd ljZn]if0f u/L gLlt
sfof{GjognfO{ k|efjsf/L / kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg cfjZos ;'emfj lbG5 . ctM j}1flgs
k4ltsf] cg';/0f ub}{ cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t eP/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf gLltx¿ g} ;kmn x'G5g\
.
gLlt cg';GwfgM
;fj{hlgs gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L, sfo{Gjog of]Uo /
Kl/0ffdd'vL agfpg tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] :jfldTj / ckgTj :yflkt ug]{ / ;DalGwt
gLltsf] p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{ xf] eg] pQm gLlt agfpg' k"j{ ;f] gLlt;Fu ;DalGwt
cg';Gwfg ug{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . of] cg';Gwfgn] gLlt agfpg' klxn]sf] cj:yf / gLlt
lgdf{0f k|s[ofsf] nfuL b[9 cfwf/ t}of/ ub{5 eg] lgdf{0f eO;s]kl5 k|efjsf/L ?kdf
sfof{Gjogdf hfg] cfwf/ klg tof/ ub{5 .
gLlt
cg';Gwfg rqmM -!_
gLlt lgdf{0fsf] kl/j]if ljZn]if0f / ;d:of klxrfg, -@_ gLlt cg';Gwfgsf] p2]Zo,
lgwf{/0f / k|Zgx?, -#_ cg';Gwfgsf] ljlw, tl/sf, ;do tflnsf / of]hgf to, -$_ cg';Gwfg sfof{Gjog, tYofÍ ;+sng,
-%_ cg';Gwfgaf6 cffPsf tYofÍ / tYox?
ljZn]if0f u/L k|ltj]bg tof/, -^_ cg';Gwffgdf cfwfl/t gLlt lgdf{0f ;DaGwL l;kmfl/;, -&_ k'gM cg';Gwfg cfjZos eP yk cg';Gwfg
jf gofF cg';Gwfg .
gLlt lgdf{0fdf 1fgsf] e"ldsfM
x/]s gLltn] cNksflng / bL3{sflng ?kdf
gful/ssf b}lgsL / /fHosf 3f]lift p2]Zox¿df k|efj kfg]{ ePsf] x'Fbf gLlt
lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;dli6s[t 1fgsf] e"ldsf clt dxTjk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 .
gLlt cg';Gwfg k|of]hgsf] nflu ;dli6s[t 1fg eGgfn] slDtdf # j6f 1fg ;d"x÷>f]tx¿af6
cfPsf] ljZn]lift / ;+Zn]lift 1fg xf] . 1fgsf oL # j6f >f]tx¿ df s_ k|l1s 1fg
h'g d'VotM lg/Gt/ cWoog cg';Gwfg / ;}4flGts >f]taf6 cfpF5 . v_ ;fdflhs 1fg h'g
d'VotM ;dfhdf cg'ejsf] cfwf/df ljsf; ePsf] x'G5 / o;sf] k|j4{sx?df ;fdflhs ;+3
;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"x–;~hfn, kqsf/ / ;~rf/ dfWod, /fhgLlts kf6L{x¿ / pLgx¿sf
eft[ ;Ë7gx¿, ljsf; ;fe]mbf/x¿ cflb kb{5g\ . u_ k|zf;sLo -Jo'/f]qm]l6s_ 1fg h'g
d"ntM gLlt lgdf{0f / o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf a;]sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ef]ufO{ / cg'ejaf6
cfpF5 . oL # j6f 1fgsf] ;+Zn]if0faf6 cfpg] ;dli6s[t 1fgaf6 ag]sf] gLlt dfq
k|efjsf/L x'G5 . To;sf/0f, gLlt lgdf{0fdf dflysf dWo s'g} Ps 1fgsf] ljwfnfO{ dfq k|fyldstf lbP/ k'Ub}g .
tLgj6f 1fgs} ;+t'ngaf6 dfq sfof{Gjog of]Uo, k|efjsf/L / glthfd'vL gLltx¿ aGg
;Sb5 .
gLlt k|efjsf/L gx'g] d'Vo sf/0fx?M
gLltx? c;kmn x'gfsf ljleGg sf/0fx? x'g
;S5g\ . tyflk, tL sf/0fx¿dWo] k|d'v Ps sf/0f rflx gLlt lgdf{0fdf gLlt rqmsf]
kfngf gug'{ / gLlt lgdf{0f cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t gx'g' xf] . o;}n], gofF gLlt
agfpg' cl3 ljBdfg gLlt, agfpg' kg]{ gofF gLlt / kl/jlt{t kl/j]zsf]
;ª\uf]kfª\uf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L] gLlt agfpg] cEof;sf] ljsf; ug{ h?/L 5 . o;/L
lgdf{0f ul/g] gLltx¿ ;kmn / k|efjsf/L sfo{Gjogdf n}hfgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ d'Vo
cfwf/x¿ ;d]t pQm gLltdf ;dfj]z ug'{
ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . s'g} klg gLltsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu lgDg kIfsf] pkl:ylt
jf e"ldsf clt dxTjk"0f{ x'G5M -s_ sfg'g, -v_ ;+:yfut ;+/rgf, -u_
cfly{s >f]t tyf hgzlQm, / -3_ sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] JolQm jf ;+:yf ls6fgL
. s'g} klg /fli6«o ;fj{hlgs gLltx¿df pNn]lvt $ ;jfnx¿ ;'lglZrt ul/Pg eg] To:tf gLltx¿
ls t sfof{Gjogdf hfb}gg\, uP eg] klg k|efjsf/L x'b}gg\ . cGttM To:tf gLltx¿
c;fGble{s x'b} hG5g\ . To;}n] /fHon] gLlt agfpFbf slDtdf klg gLlt sfof{Gjogsf
rf/ $ cfwf/x¿ -sfg'g, ;+u7g–hgzlQm, cfly{s >f]t / lhDd]jf/L_ ;'lglZrt ePsf]
x'g' kb{5 . oL jfx]s klg gLlt c;kmn x'gfsf c? ljleGg sf/0f klg x'g ;Sb5g\ .
h:t}M Pp6f ;/sf/n] NofPsf] gLltnfO{ csf]{ ;/sf/n] lg/Gt/tf glbg ;S5 cykf kl/j]z
ablnP/ jf hgbjfasf] cfwf/df klg sltko gLltx¿ sfof{Gjogdf ghfg ;S5g\ .
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